Herpes simplex infection；Endocytosis； Phagosome；Cell adhesion molecules (CAMs)；Antigen processing and presentation；Natural killer cell mediated cytotoxicity；Type I diabetes mellitus；HTLV-I infection；Graft-versus-host disease；Epstein-Barr virus infection； Viral myocarditis；Viral carcinogenesis；Autoimmune thyroid disease；Allograft rejection

Moreover, HOTAIR modulated human leucocyte antigen-G (HLA-G) expression by competitively binding miR-148a.

Long non-coding RNA HOTAIR modulates HLA-G expression by absorbing miR-148a in human cervical cancer

TGF-beta signaling pathway

Regulation of the STX12/miR-148a/SMAD5 axis may serve as a new gene therapy strategy for the treatment of chronic pancreatitis and reversal of pancreatic fibrosis.

STX12 lncRNA/miR-148a/SMAD5 participate in the regulation of pancreatic stellate cell activation through a mechanism involving competing endogenous RNA

Hippo signaling pathway；Adherens junction

Mechanistic investigations revealed lncRNA-HOTAIR promotes the EMT by acting as a miR-148a sponge to positively regulate Snail2 expression.

Long non-coding RNA HOTAIR functions as miRNA sponge to promote the epithelial to mesenchymal transition in esophageal cancer.