TGF-beta signaling pathway；MAPK signaling pathway；Cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction；NF-kappa B signaling pathway；mTOR signaling pathway；Proteoglycans in cancer；Asthma；T cell receptor signaling pathway； Influenza A； Pertussis；Apoptosis；Malaria；Hepatitis B；Tuberculosis；Hematopoietic cell lineage；Osteoclast differentiation；Systemic lupus erythematosus；Adipocytokine signaling pathway；Alzheimer's disease；Leishmaniasis；Hepatitis C；Herpes simplex infection；African trypanosomiasis；Antigen processing and presentation；Toxoplasmosis；Allograft rejection；Amoebiasis；Toll-like receptor signaling pathway；Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)；Rheumatoid arthritis；NOD-like receptor signaling pathway；Natural killer cell mediated cytotoxicity；Chagas disease (American trypanosomiasis)；Legionellosis；；Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM)；HTLV-I infection；Fc epsilon RI signaling pathway；Type I diabetes mellitus；Dilated cardiomyopathy；RIG-I-like receptor signaling pathway；Type II diabetes mellitus

Mechanically, Gm4419 transcript could function as a sponge for miR-466l and miR-466l could target TNF-α 3' UTR for degradation and translation inhibition.

Long non-coding RNA Gm4419 promotes trauma-induced astrocyte apoptosis by targeting tumor necrosis factor α.